Pharmacological Chemolysis of Uric Acid Lithiasis in A Patient with Crohn’s Disease

Patients with chronic diarrhoea or ileostomies suffer from electrolyte and urinary disorders and are prone to developing uricacid or calcium oxalate stones. Evidence is lacking regarding the management of uric acid stones in patients with inflammatorybowel diseases. We present the case of a male patient with Crohn’s disease and carrying an ileostomy. He was diagnosed with uricacid urolithiasis (stone size of 11 mm located in the left pyeloureteral junction) after presenting to the emergency room during anepisode of left renal colic. Results of the 24-hour urinalysis showed an acidic pH (pH <5), consistent with hyperuricosuria. Thesuspicion of uric acid lithiasis was confirmed after performing an X-ray diffraction analysis of a lithiasic fragment that passedduring acute renal colic. The patient was prescribed with urinary alkalinisers (medical treatment) and dietary recommendations.After 12 months of treatment and urine pH monitoring, the patient achieved complete chemolysis while maintaining the stabilityof his underlying Crohn’s disease. The patient had no complications during follow-up, referring adequate gastrointestinal toleranceto treatment and denying side effects. The patient remains asymptomatic and is being followed-up on an outpatient basis.He continues on prophylactic treatment (Lit-Control® pH Up) to maintain the pH in the non-acidic range. (AU)

Pharmacological Chemolysis of Uric Acid Lithiasis in A Patient with Crohn's Disease.

Patients with chronic diarrhoea or ileostomies suffer from electrolyte and urinary disorders and are prone to developing uric acid or calcium oxalate stones. Evidence is lacking regarding the management of uric acid stones in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. We present the case of a male patient with Crohn's disease and carrying an ileostomy. He was diagnosed with uric acid urolithiasis (stone size of 11 mm located in the left pyeloureteral junction) after presenting to the emergency room during an episode of left renal colic. Results of the 24-hour urinalysis showed an acidic pH (pH <5), consistent with hyperuricosuria. The suspicion of uric acid lithiasis was confirmed after performing an X-ray diffraction analysis of a lithiasic fragment that passed during acute renal colic. The patient was prescribed with urinary alkalinisers (medical treatment) and dietary recommendations. After 12 months of treatment and urine pH monitoring, the patient achieved complete chemolysis while maintaining the stability of his underlying Crohn's disease. The patient had no complications during follow-up, referring adequate gastrointestinal tolerance to treatment and denying side effects. The patient remains asymptomatic and is being followed-up on an outpatient basis. He continues on prophylactic treatment (Lit-Control® pH Up) to maintain the pH in the non-acidic range.

Divertículo vesical de hutch: una entidad de infrecuente presentación en el adulto / Hutch bladder diverticula: a very uncommon entity in adults

OBJETIVO: Presentamos el caso de un paciente adulto al que se le diagnosticó tras estudio realizado de divertículo de Hutch. Señalar que se trata de un tipo de divertículo vesical congénito muy infrecuente en la infancia y excepcional en el adulto, siendo muy escasos los casos en adulto comunicados en la literatura. MÉTODOS: El paciente fue estudiado mediante Urografía Intravenosa y Cistouretrografia Miccional Seriada. Una vez evaluadas las pruebas complementarias y establecido un juicio diagnóstico, se revisa la literatura y las alternativas terapeuticas. RESULTADOS: La Urografía intravenosa demostró en la fase excretora una ureterohidronefrosis sin defectos de repleción sugestivos de litiasis a nivel ureteral distal. Por otro lado se observaba un afilamiento del uréter a su entrada en vejiga debido a la presencia de un divertículo vesical yuxta-meatal. Posteriormente se realizó una cistografía retrógrada que descartó reflujo vesicoureteral y mostró que el divertículo presentaba residuo elevado tras la micción. Dadas las características de nuestro paciente y la ausencia de reflujo vesicoureteral ipsilateral asociado; se decidió un tratamiento endoscópio con apertura de la boca del divertículo. La evolución fue satisfactoria. CONCLUSIONES: El divertículo paraureteral de Hutch es una entidad infrecuente, incluso en la infancia. Para el diagnóstico en estos pacientes resulta especialmente útil la cistouretrografía miccional seriada (CUMS). Los síntomas, complicaciones asociadas así como la presencia de reflujo determinaran el tipo de tratamiento a realizar(AU)

OBJECTIVE: We present the case of an adult patient diagnosed with Hutch diverticula after examination. Indications were of a type of congenital bladder diverticula very rare in children and unusual in adults, as very few cases in adults are addressed in the literature. METHODS: Intravenous Urography and Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) were realized. RESULTS: The intravenous urography revealed ureterohydronephrosis in the excretory phase that did not have repletion defects suggesting lithiasis at distal urethra. On the other hand, a narrowing of the urethra was observed at the point of bladder entry due to the presence of a juxtameatal bladder diverticulum. Next a retrograde cystography was performed which ruled out vesicourethral reflux and revealed that the diverticulum presented elevated residuals after urination. As a result of our patient’s clinical characteristics and the absence of vesico-urethral reflux, we decided to perform an endoscopic surgical opening of the diverticula’s neck. CONCLUSIONS Hutch paraurethral diverticula is an very uncommon entity, even in infancy. The Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is especially useful in diagnosing these patients. In symptomatic cases surgical correction of the diverticula is required(AU)

Hutch bladder diverticula: a very uncommon entity in adults.

OBJECTIVE: We present the case of an adult patient diagnosed with Hutch diverticula after examination. Indications were of a type of congenital bladder diverticula very rare in children and unusual in adults, as very few cases in adults are addressed in the literature. METHODS: Intravenous Urography and Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) were realized RESULTS: The intravenous urography revealed ureterohydronephrosis in the excretory phase that did not have repletion defects suggesting lithiasis at distal urethra. On the other hand, a narrowing of the urethra was observed at the point of bladder entry due to the presence of a juxtameatal bladder diverticulum. Next a retrograde cystography was performed which ruled out vesicourethral reflux and revealed that the diverticulum presented elevated residuals after urination. As a result of our patient's clinical characteristics and the absence of vesico-urethral reflux, we decided to perform an endoscopic surgical opening of the diverticula's neck. CONCLUSIONS Hutch paraurethral diverticula is an very uncommon entity, even in infancy. The Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is especially useful in diagnosing these patients. In symptomatic cases surgical correction of the diverticula is required.

[Prospective randomized study on the use of lidocaine local anesthesia in prostate biopsy]. / Estudio prospectivo randomizado sobre el uso de anestesia local con lidocaína en la biopsia prostática.

OBJECTIVES: Transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy is still the main technique in prostate cancer diagnosis. In spite of being a relatively well-tolerated exploration, often results in an awkward and painful procedure, especially in those cases in which the number of samples increase. We designed a prospective randomized study that compares biopsies tolerance with the use of intravenous analgesia and intrarectal gel with or without intracapsular prostatic anesthesia. METHODS: We have included an amount of 80 procedures between June 2006 and December 2007. Intravenous analgesia was given to all patients and 12.5 gr. of lidocaine gel (which contains 250 mg of lidocaine hydrochloride) was instilled into the rectal vault. All patients underwent methodically 10 cores biopsy after having an intracapsular injection of 8 ml. of 2% lidocaine in a randomized group. A questionnaire with three measurements of the visual analogue scale of pain was given immediately after the procedure and another one thirty minutes later, as well as a satisfaction survey. RESULTS: The average age of patients in control group was 68 years (48-73 range) and 69 years (50-75 range) in treatment group. The average PSA was 7.1 ng/mL (4.8-9.8 range) in the first group and 7.3 ng/mL (4.5-9.7 range) in the second one. Average pain in the visual analogue scale in patients without intracapsular anesthesia was 8.3 (2 - 9)in the first questionnaire and 2 (0 - 4) in the second one, against 4 (0 - 8) and 1.33 (0-2) of the group who did receive anesthesia. If we compare both groups, we find statistically significant differences only in immediately measurements ( p<0,01) , not in the second questionnaire (p=0,2) . We didn't find statistically significant differences as for urethral bleeding, rectorrhagia or infection between both groups. CONCLUSION: We consider the injection of intracapsular lidocaine a reproductible technique and effective for both improving tolerance and diminishing the pain related to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy without increasing morbidity.

Estudio prospectivo randomizado sobre el uso de la anestesia local con lidocaína en la biopsia prostática / Prospective randomized study on the use of lidocaine local anesthesia in prostate biopsy

OBJETIVOS: La biopsia prostática transrectal ecodirigida continúa siendo la técnica fundamental en el diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata. A pesar de ser una exploración relativamente bien tolerada, en muchas ocasiones resulta un procedimiento incómodo y doloroso, sobre todo en aquellos casos en los que se amplía el número de cilindros tomados.Presentamos un estudio prospectivo randomizado que compara la tolerancia a la biopsia con el uso de analgesia endovenosa y gel intra-rectal con y sin anestesia prostática intracapsular.MÉTODOS: Entre junio 2006 y diciembre 2007 hemos incluido un total de 80 procedimientos. En todos los pacientes se administró un analgésico endovenoso y se aplicaron 12,5 gr de gel con 250 mgr de hidrocloruro de lidocaína intra-rectal. En todos se realizó sistemáticamente la toma de 10 cilindros, previa inyección intracapsular de 8 mL de lidocaína al 2% en el grupo aleatorizado. Para ello se entregó un cuestionario con tres medidas de escala analógica visual del dolor inmediatamente tras el procedimento, y otro treinta minutos después, así como una encuesta de satisfacción.RESULTADOS: La edad media de nuestros pacientes fue de 68 años (rango 48 – 73) en el grupo que no recibió anestesia y de 69 años (rango 50 – 75) en el que sí la recibió. El PSA medio fue 7’1 ng/mL (rango 4’8 – 9’8) en el primer grupo y 7’3 ng/mL (rango 4’5 – 9’7) en el segundo. La media de dolor en la escala analógica visual en los pacientes sin anestesia intracapsular fue de 8,3 (2 – 9) en la primera encuesta y 2 (0 – 4) en la segunda, frente a 4 (0 – 8) y 1,33 (0 – 2) del grupo que sí la recibió. Al comparar ambos grupos encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas sólo en la valoración inmediata a la biopsia (p<0,01), no así en el segundo cuestionario (p=0,2). No encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a uretrorragia, rectorragia o infección entre ambos grupos(AU)

CONCLUSIÓN: Consideramos la inyección de lidocaína intracapsular una técnica reproducible y efectiva en cuanto a mejorar la tolerancia y disminuir el dolor asociado a la realización de biopsia prostática transrectal ecodirigida, sin incrementar la morbilidad del procedimiento(AU)

OBJECTIVES: Transrectal ultrasonogra-phy-guided prostate biopsy is still the main technique in prostate cancer diagnosis. In spite of being a relatively well-tolerated exploration, often results in an awkward and painful procedure, especially in those cases in which the number of samples increase.We designed a prospective randomized study that compares biopsies tolerance with the use of intravenous analgesia and intrarectal gel with or without intracapsu-lar prostatic anesthesia.METHODS: We have included an amount of 80 pro-cedures between June 2006 and December 2007. In-travenous analgesia was given to all patients and 12.5 gr. of lidocaine gel (which contains 250 mg of lidocai-ne hydrochloride) was instilled into the rectal vault. All patients underwent methodically 10 cores biopsy after having an intracapsular injection of 8 ml. of 2% lidocai-ne in a randomized group. A questionnaire with three measurements of the visual analogue scale of pain was given immediately after the procedure and another one thirty minutes later, as well as a satisfaction survey.RESULTS: The average age of patients in control group was 68 years (48-73 range) and 69 years (50-75 ran-ge) in treatment group. The average PSA was 7.1 ng/mL (4.8-9.8 range) in the first group and 7.3 ng/mL (4.5-9.7 range) in the second one. Average pain in the visual analogue scale in patients without intracapsular anesthesia was 8.3 (2 – 9) in the first questionnaire and 2 (0 – 4) in the second one, against 4 (0 – 8) and 1.33 (0 – 2) of the group who did receive anesthesia. If we compare both groups, we find statistically significant differences only in immediately measurements (p<0,01), not in the second questionnaire (p=0,2). We didn’t find statistically significant differences as for urethral bleeding, rectorrhagia or infection between both groups(AU)

CONCLUSION: We consider the injection of intracap-sular lidocaine a reproductible technique and effective for both improving tolerance and diminishing the pain related to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy without increasing morbidity(AU)